Minor calyx: surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramidsĪrcuate a.: vessels of the renal circulation. Urine formed in the kidney passes through a papilla at the apex into a minor calyx then into major calyx before passing through the renal pelvis into the ureter. Major calyx: surrounds the apex of the malpighian pyramids. Papilla : The apex of a renal pyramid, projecting into a calix.Ĭolumn: Any of the prolongations of cortical substance separating the renal pyramids. Each renal papilla is surrounded by a branch of the renal pelvis called a calyx acts as a funnel for urine flowing to the ureter. The point of convergence of two or three major calyces. Pelvis: funnel-like dilated proximal part of the ureter in the kidney. Sinus: a cavity within the kidney which is occupied by the renal pelvis, renal calyces, blood vessels, nerves and fat Pyramid: any of various pyramidal masses that are seen upon longitudinal section of the kidney and that contain part of the secreting tubules and the collecting tubules. Medulla: innermost tissue forms comparatively dark cones, called renal pyramids, with bases outward and apexes projecting, either singly or in groups, into the renal sinus. Major kidney structures are described below.Ĭapsule : a membranous structure that envelops an organ, a joint, tumor, or any other part of the body made up of dense collagen-containing connective tissue.Ĭortex: the outer part of the substance of the kidney, composed mainly of glomeruli and convoluted tubules. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, comprised of the renal tubule and associated vasculature. Kidneys must process tremendous amounts of blood, which may be up to 4 liters of blood per kilogram every minute in humans. The kidney organ is responsible for producing urine, in the process regulating homeostatic functions mentioned above. Generally, the kidney is crescent shaped and is comprised of two layers the outer cortex and inner medulla. Hormones: Hormone production and regulation Excretion: The removal of toxic water insoluble compounds from the bodyĦ. ![]() pH balance: Controlling secretion & absorption of H + & HNO 3 -ĥ. Blood pressure: Controlling blood volume, over the long term regulates blood pressure.Ĥ. Osmotic balance: Controlling volume of urine produced.ģ. Ion balance: This includes, , macronutrients, etc.Ģ. The kidney has evolved to maintain many homeostatic functions, including:ġ. As before, these specimens were obtained with the arteries and arterioles dyed red, and the veins and venules dyed blue. Labeled pictures are included for reference. This page details the different components and functions of an adult sheep's kidney, which is representative of the human kidney.
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